As you can see by my link to Wikipedia in the Learn more section of this post, I didn’t find many good links for more information on this term. If you can help me out with a link suggestion or two, please do.
inclusio
A phrase, line, or concept used at both the beginning and end of a section of biblical text, forming a frame or envelope around what lies between, and giving a sense of start and finish; also known as envelope stucture or bracketing.
- An inclusio found in scripture:
“Your glory, O Israel, is slain on your high places!
publish it not in the streets of Ashkelon,
lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice,
lest the daughters of the uncircumcised exult.
let there be no dew or rain upon you,
For there the shield of the mighty was defiled,
the shield of Saul, not anointed with oil.
the bow of Jonathan turned not back,
and the sword of Saul returned not empty.
“Saul and Jonathan, beloved and lovely!
In life and in death they were not divided;
they were swifter than eagles;
they were stronger than lions.
“You daughters of Israel, weep over Saul,
who clothed you luxuriously in scarlet,
who put ornaments of gold on your apparel.
“Jonathan lies slain on your high places.” (2 Samuel 1:19-25 ESV)
- In Canon Revisited: Establishing the Origins and Authority of the New Testament Books
, Michael Kruger argues that that Genesis and Revelation form an inclusio for the canon. The evidence he gives includes this list of connections between Genesis and Revelation.
- Genesis begins with the creation of the “heavens and earth” (1:1ff.); Revelation ends with re-creation of the “heaven and earth” (21:1).
- Genesis begins with the theme of paradise in the garden (2:8ff.); Revelation ends with the paradise of heaven (21:4).
- Genesis begins with the theme of marriage (2:8); Revelation ends with the great wedding of the Lamb (21:9).
- Genesis begins with a focus on the serpent’s deception (3:1ff.); Revelation ends with the serpent’s destruction (20:10).
- Genesis begins with the curse being put upon the world (3:14ff.): Revelation ends with the curse being lifted (22:3).
- Genesis begins by describing the creation of day, night, and the oceans (1:3, 10, 14); Revelation ends with no more need for day (sun), or night, or oceans (21:1; 22:5).
- Genesis begins with the “tree of life” among the people of God (2:9); Revelation ends with the “tree of life” among the people of God (22:2).
- Genesis begins with God dwelling with his people (2:8; 3:8); Revelation ends with God finally dwelling with his people again (21:3).
Learn more:
- Wikipedia: Inclusio
- ESV Study Notes: Thirteen examples of inclusio(s?) in scripture
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