Theological Term of the Week

eternality
That perfection of God whereby he transcends “all temporal limits and all successions of moments”;1 the infinity of God in relation to time; also called God’s eternity.

• From scripture:
  

  Lord, you have been our dwelling place
  in all generations.
  Before the mountains were brought forth,
  or ever you had formed the earth and the world,
  from everlasting to everlasting you are God. (Psalm 90:1-2 ESV)
  

  But do not overlook this one fact, beloved, that with the Lord one day is as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day. (2 Timothy 3:8 ESV)

  “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.” (Revelation 1:8 ESV)

• From The London Baptist Confession 1689, Chapter 2:

  The Lord our God is but one only living and true God; whose subsistence is in and of himself, infinite in being and perfection; whose essence cannot be comprehended by any but himself; … who is immutable, immense, eternal, incomprehensible, almighty, every way infinite….

• From Systematic Theology by Louis Berkhof:

  We generally think of God’s eternity … as duration infinitely prolonged both backwards and forwards. But this is only a popular and symbolical way of representing that which in reality transcends time and differs from it essentially. Eternity in the strict sense of the word is ascribed to that which transcends all temporal limitations. That it applies to God in that sense is at least intimated in II Peter 3:8. … Our existence is marked off by days and weeks and months and years; not so the existence of God. Our life is divided into a past, present and future, but there is no such division in the life of God. He is the eternal “I am.”

Learn more:

1. Rev. D. H. Kuiper: The Eternity of God
2. Notes on the Attributes of God: Eternal
3. R. L. Dabney: God’s Eternity
4. A. W. Tozer: The Eternity of God
5. S. Lewis Johnson: Attributes of God: How Old Is God?, or the Eternity of God (mp3)
6. From my attributes of God posts: God’s Eternality

Related terms:

• aseity
• immutability
• infinity

Filed Under God’s Nature and His Work.

1 Systematic Theology by Louis Berkhof

Do you have a a theological term you’d like to see featured here as a Theological Term of the Week? If you email it to me, I’ll seriously consider using it.

I’m also interested in any suggestions you have for tweaking my definitions or for additional (or better) articles or sermons/lectures for linking.I’ll give you credit and a link back to your blog if I use your suggestion.

Clicking on the Theological Term graphic at the top of this post will take you to a list of all the previous theological terms organized in alphabetical order or by topic.

God's Eternality

This is a repost of an old post from the old blog. Guess what this week’s Theological Term will be?

What does it mean that God is eternal? It means, for one thing, that God has no beginning or end. He has always been and always will be. His duration is constant. Scriptures that express this idea say that God is from “everlasting to everlasting,” or that God lives forever. He had no beginning point and he will have no end point.

However, when God expresses to us that he is eternal, it seems that he means something more than simply that he is forever enduring, with no beginning or end. We might say that along with being forever enduring, God has no succession of moments, so that he is always in the eternal now or the eternal present. God communicates this idea to us with his name “I AM”, and with statements like the one given to us by Jesus in John 8: “..before Abraham came into being, I AM.” In addition, God tells us that he does not change, and if there were a succession of moments with him, He would change as additional moments added additional experiences. A God who experiences the succession of time would be a maturing God. That time does not unfold for God may also be part of what is meant by the statements that tell us that to God a day is the same as a thousand years. God does not experience time as a succession of cycles of days and nights, but exists somehow beyond the moments of time, or beyond time as periodical.

Moreover, time is something that God controls. He has power over it and is, therefore, not bound by it. “He declares the end from the beginning,” and events in time that he has yet to bring about were already declared by him from ancient times (Isaiah 46:9-10). When I read these statements, I understand them to mean that God calls time itself into being; for if he declares successive events, would he not be declaring time itself? What’s more, if God is the dwelling place of all successive generations (generations being partly an expression of time), then it seems that time itself must “dwell” within God, and time must in some way be held or encapsulated by God. (As I write this, I’m reminded of the limitations of our language to express these things. Everything I write makes it sound as if God is spatial, and he’s not.) If God calls time into being and time exists within him, then God exists outside the bounds of time. Another way to express this thought is to say that God transcends time.

God transcends time, yet sees the events of time, acts within time, and relates to us within time. There are events in time that he will bring about in the future and things he has already done in the past. God does what he does “at the right time.” He sent Christ into the world “when the fullness of time came.” It is one more mystery to add to our list of the mysteries of the being of our incomprehensible God: God transcends time and yet relates to time by knowing every moment of it and acting within every moment of it.

Like the other of God’s attributes, God’s eternality is impossible for us to grasp in any complete way, but we can nibble around the edges of it and know something about it. I tend to see things mathematically, so I’d like to be able to put God’s relation to time into some sort of Venn diagram and I find it frustrating that I can’t. There is no Venn diagram for this, just as there is no language to express it or even thoughts to think it.

We are vapor or “breath”—constantly changing, here one moment and gone the next—but God is from everlasting to everlasting. We cannot even speak of present moments because before the words are spoken, the moment has moved to the past. Yet God is the eternal “I AM”. Examining God’s eternality shows us one more way in which God is “other.” He is in a class by himself and incomprehensible to us.

What does God’s eternality mean for us? It means that God is always there. We can come to him at any time and be assured that he is there to receive us. Time is our enemy, bringing death and decay and loss; but beyond time, there is one constant, and that is our God, who stands beyond the grasp of time. The God who loves us does not change. The God who works all things for our good is not subject to time, but controls and uses it to bring about his perfect will. 

That God is eternal means that God promises comes about certainly, but in his own time. The terms “one day” and “a thousand years” don’t have the same meaning to him as an eternal being as they have to us. He is never slack concerning his promises, though we might not see them fulfilled in our own lifetime, or even in the lifetimes of countless generations. What he says will happen, but in the “fullness of time” of an eternal God.

That God is eternal is yet another reason to trust him.

Sunday's Hymn

John Milton dictates to his daughters, by Eugène DelacroixThis week’s hymn was written by the poet John Milton.

The Lord Will Come and Be Not Slow

The Lord will come and not be slow;
His footsteps cannot err;
Before Him righteousness shall go,
His royal harbinger.

Mercy and truth, that long were missed,
Now joyfully are met;
Sweet peace and righteousness have kissed,
And hand in hand are set.

Rise, God, judge Thou the earth in might,
This wicked earth redress;
For Thou art He who shalt by right
The nations all possess.

The nations all whom Thou hast made
Shall come, and all shall frame
To bow them low before Thee, Lord!
And glorify Thy Name!

Truth from the earth, like to a flower,
Shall bud and blossom then,
And justice, from her heavenly bower,
Look down on mortal men.

Thee will I praise, O Lord, my God!
Thee honor and adore
With my whole heart; and blaze abroad
Thy Name forevermore!

Other hymns by poets:

• William Cowper
• John Donne
• George Herbert
• Alfred Tennyson
• Elizabeth Barrett Browning

Other hymns, worship songs, sermons etc. posted today:

• Lord’s Day 28, 2009 at The Thirsty Theologian
• Have You Not Known, Have You Not Heard at The Happy Wonderer
• All the Way My Savior Leads Me at Fieldstone Cottage
• The Infinite and the Finite from The Valley of Vision at The Upward Call
• Your Weekly Dose of Spurgeon at Pyromaniacs: On Philosophical Apologetics
• Behold th’Amazing Gift of Love at joythruChrist 

Have you posted a hymn today and I missed it? Let me know by leaving a link in the comments or by emailing me at the address in the sidebar and I’ll add your post to the list.